Eugenius was proclaimed emperor by the magister militum Arbogastes on 22 August
392 three months after the death of
Valentinian
II, who was either murdered by Arbogastes or committed suicide in despair
of the power Arbogastes held over him. Arbogastes was appointed as "protector"
of
Valentinian II by
Theodosius
before he returned to Constantinople in 391 after the
Magnus
Maximus affair, but it seemed that Arbogastes was the de facto ruler of the
west dominating
Valentinian II and his court
and Valentinian, who at that time was only twenty, frequently complained to
Theodosius
about this situation. After the death of
Valentinian
II, Arbogastes probably had hopes that he would be promoted to Augustus in
the west. After three months, it must have become apparent that
Theodosius
had no intentions of doing so, and Arbogastes thus decided to revolt.
However he put forth Eugenius as the actual imperial candidate.
Eugenius would probably be a more suitable candidate to because
Arbogastes was a Frank, and also because Eugenius was a teacher
of grammar and rhetoric, and had been magister scrinorum, therefore
better accepted by the Senate. Eugenius purged the administration
of theodosian supporters and appointed some supporters of his as
Praetorian Prefect of Italy, as Prefect of Rome, and as Praefectus
Annonae. His men led a movement to have paganism officially recognized
and subsidized by the imperial government and to have the Altar
of Victory restored to the Curia. Eugenius, who was said to be Christian,
agreed only to restore the Altar and subsidize some pagan games
and festivals.
Theodosius and especially the bishop
of Milan Ambrose disliked Eugenius for these decisions.
Shortly after his elevation, Eugenius sent ambassadors to the court
of
Theodosius asking him to accept
his appointment.
Theodosius responded
by covering the ambassadors with gifts and promises, and as soon
as they left he began to prepare for war. Then, he made his son
Honorius Augustus in January 393.
Theodosius
marched west, leaving Constantinople in May, and finally engaged
Eugenius and Arbogastes on the banks of the Frigidus (Wippach) River
(on the modern border between Italy and Slovenia) on 5 September
394. The battle was ferocious and lasted two days with huge casualties
on both sides. Natural phenomena (an eclipse and a storm) seemed
to aid
Theodosius, and christians attributed
these as divine favor.
Eugenius was captured and killed in his camp on 6 September 394,
and his head was showed around the camp. Arbogastes fled into the
mountains and committed suicide rather than test
Theodosius'
clemency.