Anicius Olybrius was the husband of
Placidia,
the younger daughter of
Valentinian
III and
Licinia Eudoxia. Few
months after their marriage the Vandals captured and sacked Rome
but Olybrius who was in Constantinople escaped the sack. He therefore
saw his promised bride carried off to Carthage as prisoner.
Gaiseric
married Eudocia (Placidia's sister) to his son Huneric, so he acquainted
relationship with Olybrius by this marriage and after the death
of
Majorian in 461,
Gaiseric
supported Olybrius as a candidate for the western throne
Gaiseric's
demands, of course, were not kept into any account and
Libius
Severus was created Augustus by
Ricimer.
After the death of
Libius Severus
in 465, Gaiseric once again supported Olybrius for the western throne
but
Leo had already appointed and sent
Anthemius
as emperor of the west with the special task to free the mediterranean
from Vandals and contrast the rising power of
Ricimer.
In 472
Anthemius and
Ricimer
were about to fight a civil war and
Leo sent
Olybrius to reconcile
Anthemius and
Ricimer, he should after had departed
from Rome to persuade
Gaiseric to reconcile
with
Leo. The emperor
Leo,
however, suspected that Olybrius could secretly take
Gaiseric's
side so he sent a letter to
Anthemius
stating that he should have killed Olybrius "...so that you
might reign, ruling rather than serving others".
Ricimer's
guard captured the messenger and gave the letter to
Ricimer
who read it, showed it to Olybrius and appointed him emperor immediately
after
Anthemius got killed during the
fight in Rome.
Ricimer had made a good
political choice. Olybrius was Italian, westerner and aristochratic,
so not only would have been acceptable to the Roman Senate but was
better accepted by the westerners than the Greek
Anthemius.
Ricimer died about one month later and
Olybrius elevated Gundobad (
Ricimer's
nephew) to the position of Patrician and Master of Soldiers. Olybrius
survived only thirteen days after
Ricimer's
death and then, attacked by dropsy, he died, having reigned for
about six months. Gundobad raised
Glycerius,
who had held the office of Comes Domesticorum, to the throne.
Olybrius provided the very last connection in either eastern or
western empire to the dynasty of
Valentinian
and
Theodosius. Olybrius seems the
best example of a "puppet" emperor, serving the needs
of
Gaiseric,
Leo,
and
Ricimer.
Coinage
Olybrius coinage was struck only in gold, at Rome and Milan. Milan
struck only tremisses of the usual cross in wreath type. But the
Roman solidi and tremisses broke with tradition. In the past,
solidi had had legends such as SALVS REIPUBLICAE ("Salvation
of the Republic") and VICTORIA AVG ("Victory of the
Emperors"), and tremisses bore on the reverse a simple cross
within a wreath without any legend. The solidi and tremisses of
Olybrius struck at Rome, however, both bore a cross, which on
the tremisses was sometimes jeweled, and the innovative legend
SALVS MUNDI ("Salvation of the World"). This design
is so novel that it must have been introduced at the specific
command of Olybrius himself, and it surely is a reflection of
his pious preoccupation with religious matters.