Ricimer was an Arian Christian barbarian, was the son of a prince
of the Suebi and of a Visigoth Princess. He spent his youth at the
court of the western Roman emperor
Valentinian
III, where he won distinction fighting under
Flavius Aëtius,
Valentinian's magister militum.
The death of
Valentinian and
Aëtius in 454–55 created a power
vacuum in the west.
At first,
Petronius Maximus attempted
to seize control of the imperial throne, but he was killed when
the Vandal king
Geiseric sieged Rome
in May of 455.
Avitus was then made Emperor
by the Visigoths. Following his arrival in Rome,
Avitus
appointed Ricimer as magister militum of the Western Empire (by
then reduced to Italy and a part of southern Gaul).
He raised a new army and navy from among the Germanic mercenaries
available to him.In 456, Ricimer led his own fleet out to sea, and
defeated the Vandals in a sea-fight near Corsica. He also defeated
the army of
Geiseric on land near Agrigentum
in Sicily.
Emperor
Avitus was in difficulty because
of the famine and the consequent popular dislike, so Ricimer, backed
by the popularity acquired for the success against Vandals, got
the consent of the Roman Senate for an expedition against the emperor,
whom he defeated in a bloody battle at Piacenza on October 16, 456.
Avitus was taken prisoner and sentenced
to death. Ricimer then obtained from
Leo I,
the eastern emperor at Constantinople, the title of Patrician.
Ricimer was the de facto ruler of what was left of the western empire.
However, as a German, he could not assume the title of emperor so
he decided to set up his own figurehead emperors and rule through
them. In 457, Ricimer set
Majorian
as emperor in the West with the consent of
Leo
I. However,
Majorian proved to
be a capable ruler and soon became uncomfortably independent.
Majorian
was defeated (possibly by treachery) by
Geiseric
near the modern city of Valencia, Spain, while trying to organize
an expedition against him, in 461. Ricimer then forced him to abdicate
and caused his assassination on August 7, 461.
Ricimer placed then upon the throne
Libius
Severus, who proved to be more docile than Majorian, but had
to face the disapproval of
Leo in the East.
Upon
Libius Severus' death in 465,
Ricimer (suspected for his poisoning) ruled the West for eighteen
months. Ricimer accepted
Leo's candidate
Anthemius.
He diplomatically married
Anthemius'
daughter, and for some time lived in peace with him.
Ricimer commanded a large portion of the Roman forces in an expedition
mounted by
Leo against
Geiseric
in 468. His behavior raised suspicions that Ricimer secretly wanted
the expedition to fail, which it ultimately did. Four years later,
Ricimer moved to Mediolanum (Milan), ready to declare war upon
Anthemius.
St. Epiphanius, bishop of Ticinum (Pavia), patched up a short-lived
truce, after which Ricimer was again before Rome with an army of
Germans. He proclaimed as emperor
Olybrius,
the candidate for emperor he and
Geiseric
had once favored. In July, 472 Ricimer defeated and killed
Anthemius.
However, Ricimer died less than two months later of malignant fever.
His title of Patrician was assumed by his nephew Gundobad.
Ricimer defended the provinces against the Ostrogoths and the Alani,
and decorated the Arian church of Sant'Agata in Rome, later known
as “Sant'Agata of the Goths”. This church s the unique
example of the Arian Christian cult in Rome survived until our time.
In 593 was consecrated to the Catholic cult by Pope Gregorius Magnus.